Factores de riesgo transdiagnósticos de los trastornos emocionales en adultos: una revisión sistemática / Transdiagnostic risk factors of emotional disorders in adults: A systematic review

La comorbilidad es más la regla que la excepción en salud mental y, sobre todo, en el caso de la ansiedad y la depresión. Los modelos transdiagnósticos estudian los procesos subyacentes para mejorar el tratamiento y la comprensión de la salud mental. Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática busca evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo transdiagnósticos para la ansiedad y la depresión en la población clínica diagnosticada de estas condiciones psicopatológicas, analizando los diferentes tipos o categorías de factores identificados. Método: Se registró una revisión sistemática en PROSPERO (número de registro CRD42022370327) y se diseñó de acuerdo con las guías PRISMA-P. La calidad del estudio fue evaluada por dos revisores independientes con conocimiento del campo para reducir el posible sesgo. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres artículos fueron examinados y las variables transdiagnósticas fueron agrupadas en tres categorías: psicológicas, biológicas y socioculturales. Conclusiones: La categoría más estudiada fue la de variables psicológicas, en especial los procesos cognitivos, afecto negativo y neuroticismo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre, sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Los factores biológicos y socioculturales requieren más estudio para sustentar su enfoque transdiagnóstico.(AU)

Comorbidity is more the rule than the exception in mental health, specifically in the case of anxiety and depression. Transdiagnostic models studied the underlying processes to improve mental health treat-ment and understating. Objective:This systematic review searchs for evi-dence on transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and depression in the clin-ical population diagnosed with these psychopathological conditions, by an-alysing the different types or categories of factors identified.Methods:A sys-tematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370327) and was designed according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Two independent reviewers with field knowledge assessed the study quality to reduce bias.Results: Fifty-three articles were examined, and the transdi-agnostic variables were grouped into three categories: psychological, bio-logical, and sociocultural.Conclusions:The most studied category was that of psychological variables, especially cognitive processes, negative affect, and neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity. Biological and sociocultural factors require more study to support their transdiagnos-tic approach.(AU)

Estudio de prevalencia, conocimiento y control de la hipertensión arterial en barrios vulnerables de Argentina / Prevalence, knowledge and control of arterial hypertension in vulnerable neighborhoods of Argentina: A Cross-sectional Study

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) representa el principal factor de riesgo individual, con mayor carga a nivel mundial de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). En nuestro país, algunos trabajos epidemiológicos han mostrado marcadas diferencias en las prevalencias de estos factores de riesgo de acuerdo con la población evaluada. Sin embargo, no hay estudios epidemiológicos de evaluación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular exclusivos referentes a barrios vulnerables con muy bajos recursos económicos, socioculturales y poca accesibilidad a los sistemas de salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal multicéntrico en habitantes de comunas vulnerables de muy bajos recursos, como asentamientos populares y barrios carenciados con muestreo aleatorizado simple de casas. Se realizaron tomas de presión arterial (PA), medidas antropométricas, así como cuestionarios epidemiológicos, económicos y socioculturales. Se describen los hallazgos: prevalencia, conocimiento y control de la PA en las distintas regiones. Se efectuó una regresión logística para determinar las variables independientes a los resultados principales. Resultados: Se analizaron 989 participantes. La prevalencia de HTA global fue de 48,2%. Un total de 82% tenía un índice de masa corporal (IMC) >25 kg/m2. De estos pacientes, 45,3% tenían menos de seis años de educación. Este último aspecto se asoció a mayor prevalencia de HTA de forma independiente. De los hipertensos, 44% desconocían su padecimiento y solo en 17,2% estaba controlado, asociándose esto a tener obra social (OS) y mayor nivel educativo. Únicamente 24% estaban bajo tratamiento combinado. Conclusión: La prevalencia de HTA en barrios vulnerables es elevada, superando a la de otros estratos sociales con niveles de conocimiento, tratamiento y control de la HTA bajos, similar a otras poblaciones. Se detectó un uso insuficiente de la terapia combinada.

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) represents the primary individual risk factor, contributing significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In our country, epidemiological research has highlighted substantial variations in the prevalence of these risk factors across different populations. However, there is a lack of epidemiological studies assessing exclusive cardiovascular risk factors within vulnerable neighborhoods characterized by extremely limited economic resources, sociocultural challenges, and inadequate healthcare access. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted among individuals residing in economically deprived and marginalized communities, including informal settlements and underprivileged neighborhoods. Simple random sampling of households was employed. Blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, and epidemiological, economic, and sociocultural questionnaires were administered. Results encompass prevalence rates, awareness levels, and blood pressure control across diverse regions. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent variables influencing primary outcomes. Results: A total of 989 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 48.2%. About 82% had a body mass index (BMI) >25. Approximately 45.3% had less than 6 years of formal education. Independent association was established between education levels below 6 years and higher hypertension prevalence Among hypertensive individuals, 44% were unaware of their condition, with only 17.2% achieving control, correlated with having health insurance and a higher educational background. Merely 24% were receiving combined therapy. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension within vulnerable neighborhoods is alarmingly high, surpassing rates in other social strata. Knowledge, treatment, and control levels of hypertension are suboptimal, comparable to other populations... (AU)

Uric acid and acute kidney injury in high-risk patients for developing acute kidney injury undergoing cardiac surgery: A prospective multicenter study.

PURPOSE: It is unclear whether preoperative serum uric acid (SUA) elevation may play a role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery (CSA-AKI). We conducted a cohort study to evaluate the influence of preoperative hyperuricemia on AKI in patients at high risk for developing SC-AKI. DESIGN: Multicenter prospective international cohort study. SETTING: Fourteen university hospitals in Spain and the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 261 consecutive patients at high risk of developing CSA-AKI, according to a Cleveland score ≥ 4 points, from July to December 2017. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: AKIN criteria were used for the definition of AKI. Multivariable logistic regression models and propensity score-matched pairwise analysis were used to determine the adjusted association between preoperative hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL) and AKI. Elevated preoperative AUS (≥7 mg/dL) was present in 190 patients (72.8%), whereas CSA-AKI occurred in 145 patients (55.5%). In multivariable logistic regression models, hyperuricemia was not associated with a significantly increased risk of AKI (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-3; P = .17). In propensity score-matched analysis of 140 patients, the hyperuricemia group experienced similar adjusted odds of AKI (OR 1.05, 95%CI 0.93-1.19, P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperuricemia was not associated with an increased risk of AKI in this cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at high risk of developing CSA-AKI.

[Cardiometabolic effects of weight loss]. / Efectos cardiometabólicos de la pérdida de peso.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity, and, consequently, associated comorbidities, is increasing significantly worldwide. The guidelines recommend a percentage of weight loss> 5% to achieve beneficial effects on metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity. Furthermore, greater weight losses (> 10%) produce more significant improvements, and may even produce remission of some of these comorbidities. In this chapter, we review the evidence of the effect of weight loss through different strategies (lifestyle intervention, pharmacological treatment, or bariatric surgery) on the main cardiometabolic pathologies associated with excess adipose tissue (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality).

Wakabayashi & Daimon cardiometabolic index as an indicator to assess risk in adults. A systematic review / Índice cardiometabólico de Wakabayashi y Daimon como indicador para evaluar el riesgo en adultos. Una revisión sistemática

Objective To analyze the Wakabayashi & Daimon (2015) equation, as a predictive indicator of cardiometabolic diseases and its comparison with other indices. Design A systematic review was carried out between January and March 2023, according to the PRISMA statement. Data source Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were reviewed using “cardiometabolic index” (CMI) as the search term. Study selection The following inclusion criteria were determined: studies in adults with cardiometabolic diseases using the Wakabayashi & Daimon (2015) CMI formula in different populations; studies that validate or compare the equation or that demonstrate the effects of the intervention. Data extraction Of the 11 selected articles, the characteristics of the population, type of study, indicators for the validation of the CMI, the reported statistics and the conclusions that were recorded in a comparative table were obtained. Results and conclusions Odds ratio, hazard ratio, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess associations, risk, effectiveness, and validity of the tests, indicating favorable relationships between the factors analyzed and the results obtained. Validation and probabilistic analysis of the CMI were performed against diverse diseases such as obesity [Man >60y=AUC=0.90 (0.75–1.00) (p=0.01), Se=100, Sp=81.8, YI=0.82 and OR 4.66 and Women >60y=AUC=0.95 (0.88–1.00), p=0.001, Se=90.0, Sp=100, YI=0.90 and OR=36.27]; cardiovascular diseases [AUC=0.617, Se=0.675, Sp=0.509; HR=1.48 (1.33, 1.65), p=<0.001], among others. In conclusion CMI is a new utility index that broadly identifies the presence of risk that leads to cardiometabolic diseases in adults. (AU)

Objetivo Analizar la ecuación de Wakabayashi et al. del 2015 como indicador de predicción de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y su comparación con otros índices.Diseño Se realizó una revisión sistemática entre enero y marzo del 2023, de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA. Fuente de datos Se revisaron las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed utilizando «índice cardiometabólico» (ICM) como término de búsqueda. Selección de los estudios Se determinaron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: estudios en adultos con enfermedades cardiometabólicas que utilizaron la fórmula ICM de Wakabayashi et al. en diferentes poblaciones; que validaran o compararan la ecuación o que demostraran los efectos de la intervención. Extracción de datos De los 11 artículos seleccionados, se obtuvieron las características de la población, tipo de estudio, indicadores para la validación del ICM, la estadística reportada y las conclusiones que se registraron en una tabla comparativa. Resultados y conclusiones Para evaluar las asociaciones, el riesgo, la efectividad y la validez de las pruebas se utilizaron odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), sensibilidad y especificidad, indicando relaciones favorables entre los factores analizados y los resultados obtenidos. La validación y el análisis probabilístico del ICM se realizaron frente a diversas enfermedades como obesidad (hombres >60 años=AUC=0,90 [0,75-1,00], [p=0,01], Se=100, Sp=81,8, YI=0,82 y OR 4,66; y mujeres >60 años=AUC=0,95 [0,88-1,00], p=0,001, Se=90,0, Sp=100, YI=0,90 y OR=36,27); enfermedades cardiovasculares (AUC=0,617, Se=0,675, Sp=0,509; HR=1,48 [1,33, 1,65] p≤0,001), entre otros. En conclusión, el ICM es un nuevo índice de utilidad que identifica ampliamente la presencia de riesgo para conducir a enfermedades cardiometabólicas en adultos. (AU)

Factores de mal pronóstico en 113 pacientes sometidos a duodenopancreatectomía cefálica por colangiocarcinoma distal / Prognostic risk factors in 113 patients undergoing cephalic duodenopancreatectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma

Introducción El colangiocarcinoma distal es una neoplasia epitelial maligna que afecta a los conductos biliares extrahepáticos, per debajo del conducto cístico. Existe poca evidencia sobre la relación entre factores perioperatorios y peor evolución a largo plazo tras la resección quirúrgica. Objetivo Analizar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad y recidiva a largo plazo del colangiocarcinoma distal de los pacientes resecados. Material y métodos Se ha analizado una base de datos prospectiva unicéntrica de pacientes intervenidos por colangiocarcinoma distal entre los años 1990 y 2021 con la finalidad de investigar los factores de mortalidad y recidiva. Resultados Se han intervenido 113 pacientes, con una supervivencia actuarial media de 100,2 (76-124) meses tras la resección. El estudio bivariante no evidenció diferencias entre los pacientes dependiendo de la edad o variables preoperatorias estudiadas. La presencia de adenopatías afectadas fue un factor de riesgo de mortalidad a largo plazo en el estudio multivariante. La presencia de adenopatías afectadas, la recidiva tumoral y la fístula biliar durante el postoperatorio implicaron peor supervivencia actuarial al comparar las curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Conclusiones La presencia de adenopatías afectadas influyen en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. La aparición de fístula biliar durante el postoperatorio del colangiocarcinoma distal podría agravar los resultados a largo plazo, hallazgo que debe ser reafirmado en futuros estudios. (AU)

Introduction Distal cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasia that affects the extrahepatic bile ducts, below the cystic duct. No relevant relationship between perioperative factors and worse long-term outcome has been proved. Objective To analyze the risk factors for mortality and long-term recurrence of distal cholangiocarcinoma in resected patients. Materials and methods A single-center prospective database of patients operated on for distal cholangiocarcinoma between 1990 and 2021 was analyzed in order to investigate mortality and recurrence factors. Results One hundred and thirteen patients have undergone surgery, with mean actuarial survival of 100.2 (76–124) months after resection. The bivariate study did not show differences between patients depending on age or preoperative variables studied. When multivariate analysis was performed, the presence of affected adenopathy was a risk factor for long-term mortality. The presence of affected lymph nodes, tumor recurrence, and biliary fistula during the postoperative period implied worse actuarial survival when comparing the Kaplan–Meier curves. Conclusions The presence of affected lymph nodes influence the prognosis of the disease. The occurrence of biliary fistula during postoperative cholangiocarcinoma distal could aggravate long-term outcomes, a finding that should be reaffirmed in future studies. (AU)

Salud cardiovascular en España basada en el Life's Essential 8 y su asociación con mortalidad general y cardiovascular: la cohorte ENRICA / Cardiovascular health in Spain based on the Life's Essential 8 and its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the ENRICA cohort

Introducción y objetivos: La American Heart Association ha desarrollado el índice Life's Essential 8 (LE8) para promover la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Este estudio examinó la distribución del LE8 en la población adulta española y su asociación con la mortalidad general y por ECV.MétodosSe analizaron datos de 11.616 personas de edad≥ años (el 50,5% mujeres) del estudio ENRICA, reclutadas en 2008-2010 y seguidas hasta 2020-2022. El LE8 incluye 8 parámetros (dieta, actividad física, exposición a la nicotina, sueño, índice de masa corporal, lípidos y glucosa en sangre y presión arterial) y se puntúa de 0 a 100. La asociación entre LE8 y mortalidad se resumió mediante hazardratio obtenidas de modelos de Cox.ResultadosEl 13,2% de los participantes (del 6,1 al 16,9% según la comunidad autónoma) mostraron mala salud cardiovascular (LE8≤49). Tras una mediana de 12,9 años de seguimiento, ocurrieron 908 muertes totales y, durante una mediana de 11,8 años de seguimiento, 207 muertes por ECV. Tras ajustar por los principales factores de confusión y comparados con el cuartil más bajo (menos saludable) de LE8, los HR (IC 95%) de mortalidad general en el segundo, el tercer y el cuarto cuartil fueron, respectivamente, 0,68 (0,56-0,83), 0,63 (0,51-0,78) y 0,53 (0,39-0,72). Los resultados correspondientes a la mortalidad cardiovascular, considerando riesgos competitivos de muerte, fueron 0,62 (0,39-0,97), 0,55 (0,32-0,93) y 0,38 (0,16-0,89).ConclusionesUna proporción sustancial de los españoles mostraron mala salud cardiovascular. Una mayor puntación de LE8, desde el segundo cuartil, se asocia con menores mortalidad general y cardiovascular. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The American Heart Association has recently developed the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to encourage prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed the distribution of LE8 in the Spanish adult population and its association with all-cause and CVD death.MethodsWe used data from 11 616 individuals aged 18 years and older (50.5% women) from the ENRICA study, recruited between 2008 and 2010 and followed up until 2020 to 2022. The LE8 score includes 8 metrics (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids and glucose, and blood pressure) and ranges from 0 to 100. The association of LE8 score with mortality was summarized with hazard ratios (HR), obtained from Cox regression.ResultsIn total, 13.2% of participants (range, 6.1%-16.9% across regions) had low cardiovascular health (LE8≤49). During a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 908 total deaths occurred, and, during a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 207 CVD deaths were ascertained. After adjustment for the main potential confounders and compared with being in the least healthy (lowest) quartile of LE8, the HR (95%CI) of all-cause mortality for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.68 (0.56-0.83), 0.63 (0.51-0.78), and 0.53 (0.39-0.72), respectively. The corresponding figures for CVD mortality, after accounting for competing mortality risks, were 0.62 (0.39-0.97), 0.55 (0.32-0.93), and 0.38 (0.16-0.89).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of the Spanish population showed low cardiovascular health. A higher LE8 score, starting from the second quartile, was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality. (AU)

Retinal venous occlusion and its association with atherosclerotic vascular disease. / Oclusión venosa de retina y su asociación con la enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica.

Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most frequent cause of decreased visual acuity due to retinal vascular, after diabetic retinopathy. Its etiology is not completely clear. Current scientific evidence suggests that it is related to the atherosclerotic process given the high number of cardiovascular risk factors and the higher incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients. In fact, RVO implies a 45% higher risk of stroke, 26% of acute myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, 53% of heart failure and 36% of overall mortality, compared to the general population adjusted for age, sex and the different cardiovascular risk factors. However, no increase in cardiovascular mortality has been detected. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach to this pathology is essential.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ERC-5 IN PATIENTS OF AN EPS IN VALLE DEL CAUCA 2018-2020 / FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA ERC-5 EN PACIENTES DE UNA EPS DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA 2018-2020

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) involves a progressive deterioration in kidney function, affecting the ability to filter metabolic waste. Factors such as age, family history, ethnicity, sex, and unhealthy habits may contribute to progression to stage 5 (CKD-5). Methodology: Retrospective observational study analyzed patients with hypertension, diabetes, morbid obesity, dyslipidemia and CKD in Valle del Cauca from 2018 to 2020. Cases with CKD-5, previous dialysis, and significant changes were excluded. A census was used as a sampling method, consolidating quarterly data in 12 databases. The analysis addressed sociodemographic and clinical factors, evaluating associations with binary logistic regression, and the study was ethically approved. Results: In a cohort of 57,643 patients with CKD stages 1 to 4, the majority began follow-up in stages 2 and 3. The prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, overweight and obesity. The incidence of CKD-5 was 6 new cases per 1000 patients, being higher in the population aged 30 to 44 years, male, non-ethnic, not belonging to vulnerable groups and residing in certain municipalities. Factors such as uncontrolled blood pressure, lack of specific medication and follow-up in advanced renal stages were significantly associated with the incidence of CKD stage 5. In addition, a direct relationship was observed between the advancement of renal stage and the increase in creatinine in the blood, albumin in urine, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Patients who advanced to stage 5 showed significantly higher levels of blood creatinine, albuminuria, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol compared to those who remained in stage 4 or lower.

Introducción: La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) implica un deterioro progresivo en la función renal, afectando la capacidad de filtrar desechos metabólicos. Factores como edad, antecedentes familiares, etnia, sexo, y hábitos poco saludables pueden contribuir a la progresión hacia el estadio 5 (ERC-5). Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo analizó pacientes con hipertensión, diabetes, obesidad mórbida, dislipidemia y ERC en el Valle del Cauca de 2018 a 2020. Se excluyeron casos con ERC-5, diálisis previa, y cambios significativos. Se utilizó un censo como método de muestreo, consolidando datos trimestrales en 12 bases. El análisis abordó factores sociodemográficos y clínicos, evaluando asociaciones con regresión logística binaria, y el estudio fue éticamente aprobado. Resultados: En una cohorte de 57,643 pacientes con ERC estadios 1 a 4, la mayoría inició el seguimiento en estadios 2 y 3. Las comorbilidades prevalentes fueron hipertensión, sobrepeso y obesidad. La incidencia de ERC-5 fue de 6 casos nuevos por cada 1000 pacientes, siendo mayor en población de 30 a 44 años, sexo masculino, no étnica, no perteneciente a grupos vulnerables y residente en ciertos municipios. Factores como la presión arterial no controlada, falta de medicación específica y seguimiento en estadios renales avanzados se asociaron significativamente con la incidencia de ERC estadio 5. Además, se observó una relación directa entre el avance de estadio renal y el incremento de creatinina en sangre, albumina en orina, colesterol total y colesterol HDL. Los pacientes que avanzaron a estadio 5 mostraron niveles significativamente superiores de creatinina en sangre, albuminuria, colesterol total y colesterol LDL en comparación con los que permanecieron en fase 4 o inferior.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL ANOMALS IN A NATIONAL REFERENCE HOSPITAL IN ECUADOR / EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE LAS ANOMALÍAS CONGÉNITAS EN UN HOSPITAL DE REFERENCIA NACIONAL EN ECUADOR / EPIDEMIOLOGIA DE ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS EM UM HOSPITAL DE REFERÊNCIA NACIONAL NO EQUADOR

Objective. To determine the prevalence, types, and associated risk factors of congenital anomalies in newborns admitted to Isidro Ayora Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, between 2009-2022. Methods. Cross-sectional study, using retrospective data from the Perinatal Information System database. Chi-square tests and simple and multiple binary logistic regression models were employed. R programming language was utilized. Results. A total of 26,236 newborns were studied, of which 11.7% (3,075) were diagnosed with congenital anomalies. The most common were those related to the nervous system (25.6%), cardiorespiratory system (21.1%), and musculoskeletal system (16.1%). Maternal age over 35 years, pregnancy planning, and multiple pregnancies were associated with the presence of congenital anomalies. When analyzing risk factors by affected system, maternal age, maternal history of abortions and diabetes, folic acid consumption, and newborn's sex had both favorable and unfavorable effects on the development of congenital anomalies in a specific system. Conclusions. This study investigated the prevalence and most common types of congenital anomalies, along with their associated risk factors, in a reference hospital. These findings were compared with reports from other regions. The results provide significant data on the epidemiology of congenital anomalies in the studied population, which can guide the development of preventive strategies. The need for further comprehensive research on this topic in the region is emphasized.

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia, tipos y factores de riesgo asociados a anomalías congénitas en recién nacidos ingresados en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora de Quito, Ecuador, entre 2009-2022. Métodos. Estudio transversal, con datos retrospectivos de la base de datos del Sistema Informático Perinatal. Se emplearon pruebas de Chi cuadrado y modelos de regresión logística binaria simples y múltiples. Se utilizó el lenguaje de programación R.  Resultados. Se estudiaron 26 236 recién nacidos, el 11,7% (3 075) fueron diagnosticados con anomalías congénitas. Las más frecuentes fueron las relacionadas con el sistema nervioso (25,6%), las cardiorrespiratorias (21,1%) y las musculoesqueléticas (16,1%).  La edad materna superior a 35 años, la planificación del embarazo y los embarazos múltiples se asociaron con la presencia de anomalías congénitas. Al analizar los factores de riesgo en función del sistema afectado se encontró que la edad materna, los antecedentes maternos de abortos y diabetes, el consumo de ácido fólico y el sexo del recién nacido tenían efectos tanto favorables como desfavorables para el desarrollo de anomalías congénitas de un sistema específico. Conclusiones. Este estudio investigó la prevalencia y los tipos más comunes de anomalías congénitas, así como sus factores de riesgo asociados, en un hospital de referencia. Se compararon estos hallazgos con lo reportado en otras regiones. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen datos significativos sobre la epidemiología de las anomalías congénitas en la población estudiada, lo que puede orientar el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas. Se destaca la necesidad de realizar investigaciones más exhaustivas sobre este tema en la región.

Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência, tipos e fatores de risco associados a anomalias congênitas em recém-nascidos admitidos no Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora de Quito, Equador, entre 2009-2022. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com dados retrospectivos da base de dados do Sistema Informático Perinatal. Foram utilizados testes de Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística binária simples e múltiplos. A linguagem de programação R foi empregada. Resultados. Foram estudados 26.236 recém-nascidos, dos quais 11,7% (3.075) foram diagnosticados com anomalias congênitas. As mais frequentes foram as relacionadas ao sistema nervoso (25,6%), cardiorrespiratórias (21,1%) e musculoesqueléticas (16,1%). Idade materna acima de 35 anos, planejamento da gravidez e gestações múltiplas foram associados à presença de anomalias congênitas. Ao analisar os fatores de risco em relação ao sistema afetado, observou-se que a idade materna, antecedentes maternos de aborto e diabetes, consumo de ácido fólico e sexo do recém-nascido tiveram efeitos tanto favoráveis quanto desfavoráveis para o desenvolvimento de anomalias congênitas em um sistema específico. Conclusões. Este estudo investigou a prevalência e os tipos mais comuns de anomalias congênitas, bem como seus fatores de risco associados, em um hospital de referência. Esses achados foram comparados com o que é relatado em outras regiões. Os resultados obtidos fornecem dados significativos sobre a epidemiologia das anomalias congênitas na população estudada, o que pode orientar o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas. Destaca-se a necessidade de realizar pesquisas mais abrangentes sobre esse tema na região.

Prevalencia del cáncer del tracto urinario. Análisis de la cohorte española del estudio IDENTIFY / Prevalence of urinary tract cancer in the Spanish cohort of the IDENTIFY study

Introducción Los tumores malignos del tracto urinario están asociados a gran morbimortalidad siendo su prevalencia variable a nivel global. Recientemente el estudio IDENTIFY ha publicado resultados sobre la prevalencia del cáncer del tracto urinario a nivel internacional. Este estudio evalúa la prevalencia de cáncer dentro de la cohorte española del estudio IDENTIFY para determinar si los resultados publicados son extrapolables a nuestra población. Material y métodos Se realizó un análisis de los datos de la cohorte de pacientes españoles del estudio IDENTIFY. Se trata de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes derivados al hospital con sospecha de cáncer, predominantemente por hematuria. Los pacientes fueron reclutados entre diciembre de 2017 y diciembre de 2018. Resultados En total 706 pacientes procedente de 9 centros españoles fueron analizados. Doscientos setenta y siete pacientes (39,2%) fueron diagnosticados de cáncer, 259 (36,7%) de cáncer vejiga, 10 (1,4%) de tracto urinario superior, 9 (1,2%) renal y 5 (0,7%) de próstata. El aumento de la edad (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,03-1,06; p<0,001), presencia de hematuria visible (OR: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,13-4,24; p=0,02) y el hábito tabáquico (exfumadores: OR: 2,11; IC 95%: 1,30-3,40; p=0,002; fumadores: OR: 2,36; IC 95%: 1,40-3,95; p=0,001) se asocia con mayor probabilidad de cáncer vesical. Conclusión Este estudio resalta el riesgo que existe en pacientes con HV y hábito tabáquico de presentar cáncer de vejiga. El cáncer de vejiga presentó la mayor prevalencia, siendo esta mayor que la expuesta en series previas y la presentada en el estudio IDENTIFY. Trabajos futuros deben evaluar otros factores asociados que permitan crear modelos de predicción de cáncer para seguir aumentando la detección de estos en nuestros pacientes. (AU)

Introduction Malignant tumors of the urinary tract are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and their prevalence can vary worldwide. Recently, the IDENTIFY study has published results on the prevalence of urinary tract cancer at a global level. This study evaluates the prevalence of cancer within the Spanish cohort of the IDENTIFY study to determine whether the published results can be extrapolated to our population. Patients and methods An analysis of the data from the Spanish cohort of patients in the IDENTIFY study was performed. This is a prospective cohort of patients referred to secondary care with suspected cancer, predominantly due to hematuria. Patients were recruited between December 2017 and December 2018. Results A total of 706 patients from 9 Spanish centers were analyzed. Of these, 277 (39.2%) were diagnosed with cancer: 259 (36.7%) bladder cancer, 10 (1.4%) upper tract urothelial carcinoma, 9 (1.2%) renal cancer and 5 (0.7%) prostate cancer. Increasing age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03-1.06; P<.001), visible hematuria (VH) OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.13-4.24; P=.02)and smoking (ex-smokers: OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.30-3.40; P=.002); (smokers: OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.40-3.95; P=.001) were associated with higher probability of bladder cancer. Conclusion This study highlights the risk of bladder cancer in patients with VH and smoking habits. Bladder cancer presented the highest prevalence; higher than the prevalence reported in previous series and presented in the IDENTIFY study. Future work should evaluate other associated factors that allow us to create cancer prediction models to improve the detection of cancer in our patients. (AU)

Adherence to Life's Essential 8 is associated with delayed biological aging: a population-based cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of adhering to the American Heart Association's updated Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores in delaying biological aging amid growing concerns about aging populations and related diseases. METHODS: A total of 18 261 adults (≥ 20 years old) were examined using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005-2010 and 2015-2018. The LE8 includes 8 components, covering health behaviors and factors. Acceleration of biological aging was defined as an excess of biological/phenotypic age over chronological age, assessed by using clinical biomarkers. The association between LE8 score and biological aging was explored through regression analyses. RESULTS: Each 10-point increase in LE8 scores was associated with a 1.19-year decrease in biological age and a 1.63-year decrease in phenotypic age. Individuals with high cardiovascular health (CVH) had a 90% reduction in their risk of accelerated aging based on biological age and an 81% reduction based on phenotypic age compared with individuals with low CVH. Bootstrap-based model estimates and weighted quantile sum regression suggested that health factors, particularly blood glucose, had strong impact on delaying aging. The association between smoking and biological aging seemed to differ depending on the definition of aging used. Among all subgroups, LE8 consistently correlated negatively with biological aging, despite observed interactions. Three sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: A higher CVH is associated with a lower risk of biological aging. Maintaining elevated LE8 levels across demographics, regardless of cardiovascular history, is recommended to delay aging and promote healthy aging, with significant implications for primary health care.

A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.

We longitudinally examined predictors of symptoms of adjustment disorder in 15,563 adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.We found stressors, risk, and protective factors predicting adjustment disorder symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic.For some predictors, the effects appear to change in different phases of a pandemic.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression in healthcare personnel during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Department of Piura, Peru.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the magnitude of mental illnesses such as depression, not only in the general population, but also in healthcare personnel. However, in Peru the prevalence, and the associated factors for developing depression in healthcare personnel, are not known. The objective was to determine the prevalence and identify the factors associated with depression in healthcare personnel, in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from May to September in healthcare establishments. A sample of 136 health workers were included and a survey was applied to collect the data. Depression as a dependent variable was measured using the Zung self-report scale. To identify the associated factors, the bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression with STATA v 14. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 8.8% (95%CI, 4.64-14.90). Having a family member or friend who had died from COVID-19 was associated with depression (OR = 6.78; 95%CI, 1.39-32.90; p = 0.017). Whereas the use of personal protective equipment was found to be a protective factor against developing depression (OR = 0.03; 95%CI, 0.004-0.32; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 10 healthcare professionals and technicians developed depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in this study. In addition, having relatives or friends who had died from COVID-19 was negatively associated with depression and use of personal protective equipment was identified as a protective factor.

Psychiatric disorders in pregnant women admitted to the high-risk obstetric service in a Colombian university clinic between 2013 and 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments of patients admitted to the high-risk obstetric service who underwent a consultation with a liaison psychiatrist. METHODS: A descriptive observational study that included pregnant women from the high-risk obstetric service of a highly specialised clinic in Medellín, who had a liaison psychiatry consultation between 2013 and 2017. The main variables of interest were psychiatric and obstetric diagnoses and treatments, in addition to biopsychosocial risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 361 medical records were screened, with 248 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The main prevailing psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder (29%), followed by adaptive disorder (21.8%) and anxiety disorders (12.5%). The pharmacologic treatments most used by the psychiatry service were SSRI antidepressants (24.2%), trazodone (6.8%) and benzodiazepines (5.2%). The most common primary obstetric diagnosis was spontaneous delivery (46.4%), and the predominant secondary obstetric diagnoses were hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy (10.4%), gestational diabetes (9.2%) and recurrent abortions (6.4%). Overall, 71.8% of the patients had a high biopsychosocial risk. CONCLUSIONS: The studied population's primary psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorders, which implies the importance of timely recognition of the symptoms of these perinatal mental pathologies, together with obstetric and social risks, in the prenatal consultation. Psychiatric intervention should be encouraged considering the negative implications of high biopsychosocial risk in both mothers and children.

Intracerebral hemorrhage after deep brain stimulation surgery guided with microelectrode recording: analysis of 297 procedures / Hemorragia intracerebral después de cirugía de estimulación cerebral profunda guiada por microrregistro: un análisis de 297 procedimientos

Objectives: Report the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients submitted to deep brain stimulation (DBS) guided with microelectrode recording (MER) with further analysis of potential risk factors, both inherent to the patient and related to the pathology and surgical technique. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study. 297 DBS procedures were concluded in 277 patients in a single hospital centre between January 2010 and December 2020. All surgeries were guided with MER. We analysed the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic ICH and its correlation to age, sex, diagnosis, hypertension and perioperative hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, antiplatelet drugs, anatomic target, and number of MER trajectories. Results: There were a total of 585 electrodes implanted in 277 patients. 16 ICH were observed, of which 6 were symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic, none of which incurred in permanent neurological deficit. The location of the hemorrhage varied between cortical and subcortical plans, always in relation with the trajectory or the final position of the electrode. The incidence of symptomatic ICH per lead-implantation was 1%, and the CT-scan demonstrated asymptomatic ICH in 1.7% more patients. Male patients or with hypertension are 2.7 and 2.2 times more likely to develop ICH, respectively. However, none of these characteristics has been shown to have a statistically significant association with the occurrence of ICH, as well as age, diagnosis, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, antiplatelet drugs, anatomic target, number of MER trajectories and perioperative hypertension. Conclusions: MER-guided DBS is a safe technique, with low incidence of ICH and no permanent deficits in our study. Hypertension and male sex seem to be risk factors for the development of ICH in this surgery. Nevertheless, no statistically significant factors were found for the occurrence of this complication.(AU)

Objetivos: Reportar la incidencia de hemorragia intracerebral (HIC) sintomática y asintomática en pacientes sometidos a estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) guiada por microrregistro (MER), con el consecuente análisis de posibles factores de riesgo, tanto inherentes al paciente como relacionados con la patología y técnica quirúrgica. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se analizaron un total de 297 procedimientos de ECP realizados en 277 pacientes en un centro hospitalario entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2020. Todas las cirugías fueron guiadas con MER. Analizamos la incidencia de HIC, tanto sintomática como asintomática, y la correlación con edad, sexo, diagnóstico, hipertensión arterial e intraoperatoria, diabetes, dislipemia, medicación antiplaquetaria previa, diana anatómica y número de vías. Resultados: El número total de electrodos implantados fue de 585 en 277 pacientes. Se observaron 16 HIC, de las cuales 10 fueron asintomáticas y 6 sintomáticas y ninguna incurrió en déficit neurológico permanente. La localización de la hemorragia varió entre planos corticales y subcorticales, siempre en relación con el trayecto o posición final del electrodo. La incidencia de hemorragia sintomática fue de alrededor del 1 %, y la TC posoperatoria demostró hemorragia asintomática en un 1,7 % adicional de los pacientes. Los pacientes varones o los pacientes con hipertensión tienen 2,7 y 2,2 veces más probabilidades de desarrollar sangrado, respectivamente. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas características demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la ocurrencia de hemorragia intracerebral, como la edad, el diagnóstico, la diabetes, la dislipidemia, la ingesta previa de medicamentos antiplaquetarios, el objetivo anatómico, el número de MER y las vías de HTA intraoperatorias. Conclusión: La ECP con MER es una técnica segura, con baja incidencia de HIC y sin déficits permanentes en nuestro estudio...(AU)

Proposal for an Educational Program on non-communicable diseases: Diabetes Mellitus / Propuesta de Programa Educativo sobre enfermedades no Transmisibles: Diabetes Mellitus / Proposta de Programa Educacional sobre Doenças Não Transmissíveis: Diabetes Mellitus

Non-communicable diseases affect all socio-economic groups, ages, sexes and are the leading cause of death worldwide, contributing to the increase in population aging. Education is at the center of the new trends and chronic diseases are preventable, being necessary health promotion and education programs. The present work was elaborated with the main objective of proposing an educational program on non-communicable diseases directed to patients and health personnel in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, in the "Health Surveillance Establishment" Center, in Kasabaholoweg in Suriname. A preliminary, qualitative-quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study is presented. For data collection, an interview was used, a documentary review and for information processing, the Excel 2013 program was used to identify the deficiency of knowledge that these patients had and to be able to carry out the proposed educational intervention. The interviews conducted reflected the patients' lack of knowledge of their pathology and how to prevent its complications. In the educational intervention, topics related to diabetes were addressed; nutrition, physical activities and adequate medical treatment, as well as hygiene and personal cleanliness in patients with this pathology, obtaining as results: in the pre intervention questions were asked to measure the level of knowledge of patients about their disease, in the post educational intervention a considerable increase in the level of knowledge acquired about self-care actions was observed in patients and health personnel, dynamics that were related to the pathology were addressed, to put in to practice what was learned. The activity concluded with a reflection and a video on selfcare in diabetes.

Las enfermedades no transmisibles afectan a todos los grupos socioeconómicos, edades, sexos y son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo, contribuyendo al aumento del envejecimiento de la población. La educación se halla en el centro de las nuevas tendencias y las enfermedades crónicas se pueden prevenir, siendo necesarios programas de promoción y educación para la salud. El presente trabajo se elaboró con el objetivo principal de proponer un programa educativo sobre enfermedades no transmisibles dirigido a pacientes y personal sanitario en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus, en el Centro " Establecimiento Vigilancia de Salud ", en Kasabaholoweg en Surinam. Se presenta un estudio preliminar, cuali-cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Para la recolección de los datos se usó la entrevista, la revisión documental y para el procesamiento de la información el programa Excel 2013; logrando así identificar la deficiencia de conocimientos que estos pacientes tenían y poder realizar la intervención educativa que se propone. Las entrevistas realizadas reflejaron el desconocimiento de los pacientes de su patología y la forma de prevenir sus complicaciones. En la intervención educativa se abordaron temas relacionados con la diabetes; la alimentación, las actividades físicas y el tratamiento médico adecuado, así como la higiene y aseo personal en los pacientes con esta patología, obteniendo como resultados: en la pre intervención se realizaron preguntas para medir el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes acerca de su enfermedad, en la post intervención educativa se observó en los pacientes y el personal sanitario un aumento considerable en el nivel de conocimiento adquirido sobre las acciones de autocuidado, se abordaron dinámicas que tenían relación con la patología, para poner en práctica lo aprendido. Se concluyó dicha actividad con una reflexión y un video sobre autocuidado en diabetes.

Factores de riesgo para la adquisición de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual en trabajadores/as del sexo: revisión sistemática / Risk factors for the acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections in sex workers: a systematic review

Fundamentos: las infecciones de transmisión sexual (its) son infecciones causadas por más de treinta bacterias, virus y pa-rásitos diferentes, que se transmiten por contacto sexual, incluido el coito vaginal, anal o bucal, aunque algunas infecciones también pueden transmitirse de la madre al hijo durante el embarazo, el parto y la lactancia. Según la organización mundial de la salud, una de las principales poblaciones de riesgo para la adquisición de estas infecciones son los/las trabajadores/as del sexo y sus clientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los factores de riesgo en la adquisición de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la población de trabajadores/as del sexo.métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante búsqueda en scopus, pubmed, cinahl, medline, lilacs e ibecs, de estudios observacionales, longitudinales y mixtos realizados en trabajadores/as del sexo que fueron publicados entre enero de 2011 y marzo de 2021, obteniendo una muestra final de cuarenta y tres artículos. La herramienta de evaluación de métodos mixtos (mixed methods assessment tool) fue utilizada para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los trabajos. Resultados: después de analizar la bibliografía se obtuvieron once grupos de factores de riesgo relacionados con la adquisición de its, siendo estos factores económicos, relacionados con las prácticas sexuales, consumo de drogas, trabajo sexual, educación, problemas de salud, país de origen y movilidad, pareja, edad, violencia y otros factores no pertenecientes a las anteriores categorías.conclusiones: las/os profesionales del sexo tienen numerosas características y comportamientos que les convierten en una población vulnerable a las its. Destacan los años ejerciendo la prostitución, el consumo de drogas, el número de parejas y el uso del preservativo, siendo estos factores clave para futuras estrategias de prevención e intervención, así como de investigación.(AU)

Background: sexually transmitted infections (sti), as their name suggests, are infections caused by more than thirty different bacteria, viruses, and parasites and are transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, although some sexually transmitted infections can also transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. According to world health organization, one of the main populations at risk for acquiring these diseases are sex workers and their clients. Due to the high prevalence, the characteristics and behaviors that favor the development of these diseases are analyzed. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the risk factors in the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases in the population of sex workers. Methods: a literature search was conducted in scopus, pubmed, cinahl, medline, lilacs and ibecs, of observational, longitudinal and mixed methods studies conducted in sex workers and published between january 2011 and march 2021, with a final sample of four-ty-three articles. The mixed methods assessment tool (mmat) was used to assess the methodological quality of the papers.results: after analyzing the literature, eleven groups of risk factors related to the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases were obtained, these being economic factors, factors related to sexual practices, drug use, sex work, education, health problems, country of origin and mobility, partner, age, violence and other factors not belonging to the previous categories.conclusions: sex workers have numerous characteristics and behaviors that make them vulnerable to sexually transmitted in-fections. Of note are years of prostitution, drug use, number of partners and condom use, which are key factors for future prevention and intervention strategies, as well as research.(AU)

Applicability of an unsupervised cluster model developed on first wave COVID-19 patients in second/third wave critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the unsupervised cluster model (USCM) developed during the first pandemic wave in a cohort of critically ill patients from the second and third pandemic waves. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective, multicentre study. SETTING: Intensive Care Unit (ICU). PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted with COVID-19 and respiratory failure during the second and third pandemic waves. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests and ICU outcomes. To validate our original USCM, we assigned a phenotype to each patient of the validation cohort. The performance of the classification was determined by Silhouette coefficient (SC) and general linear modelling. In a post-hoc analysis we developed and validated a USCM specific to the validation set. The model's performance was measured using accuracy test and area under curve (AUC) ROC. RESULTS: A total of 2330 patients (mean age 63 [53-82] years, 1643 (70.5%) male, median APACHE II score (12 [9-16]) and SOFA score (4 [3-6]) were included. The ICU mortality was 27.2%. The USCM classified patients into 3 clinical phenotypes: A (n = 1206 patients, 51.8%); B (n = 618 patients, 26.5%), and C (n = 506 patients, 21.7%). The characteristics of patients within each phenotype were significantly different from the original population. The SC was -0.007 and the inclusion of phenotype classification in a regression model did not improve the model performance (0.79 and 0.78 ROC for original and validation model). The post-hoc model performed better than the validation model (SC -0.08). CONCLUSION: Models developed using machine learning techniques during the first pandemic wave cannot be applied with adequate performance to patients admitted in subsequent waves without prior validation.